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Defect and tolerance

Handling damage on citrus, healed or fresh

The citrus standard bars bruising outright and permits healed mechanical damage in both graded classes. The same knock therefore falls on either side of that line, depending on whether the rind had time to cork over. At destination, the age of a mark decides more than its size does.

The figures

Handling damage on citrus, healed or fresh
The minimum requirementFree of bruising and of extensive healed overcuts
The permitted defectHealed defects due to a mechanical cause such as hail damage, rubbing or damage from handling
Class IThe permitted version carries the qualifier slight
Class IIThe same defects, without that qualifier
Where abrasion is producedAt picking, on transfer, and along the grading and packing line
A local expression of itZebra skin, dark necrotic streaks on the flavedo of early fruit, likeliest when picking falls two to four days after rain that ended a dry spell
What amplifies itEthylene degreening raises the incidence of abrasion marks

What it changes on an order

  • You unload and the marks look fresh

    Fresh means recent, and recent means the transport leg or the unloading itself. The standard puts the argument on timing, and a dated photograph answers timing far better than a defect count does.

  • You buy early fruit that has been degreened

    The chamber does not cause the abrasion, it develops it. A lot that was acceptable on the grading line can present worse after degreening without anyone having touched it again.

  • You run your own repacking line

    Every transfer is another opportunity to add a fresh mark to fruit that arrived sound. An inspection before you repack is the only thing that keeps what arrived separate from what you made.

What this note does not settle

  • Healed against fresh is a judgement made by eye, and the standard offers no definition of the boundary between them.
  • Some handling damage expresses itself later as a different disorder entirely, so two marks with one cause can end up graded under two clauses.
  • We have no measurement of how our own fruit travels and no confirmed handling protocol we could describe to you.

Source: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2429, Annex I Part B Part 2 (specific marketing standard for citrus fruit), IRTA, Manual descriptivo de podredumbres y fisiopatías en naranjas y mandarinas

One word decides which clause applies

Read the two lines together and the whole defect resolves itself. Fruit must be free of bruising, says the list of minimum requirements. Healed defects from a mechanical cause are permitted, says the class definition, offering damage from handling as its example. The two coexist because of a single qualifier, and everything a receiver has to determine hangs on whether that qualifier applies.

Corking over takes time. A rub from the orchard in November arrives dry, brown and sealed. A rub that happened as the pallet came off the trailer arrives soft and open. Anyone who has looked at a hundred boxes can separate them, and the standard leans on that ability without ever defining it.

Packaging and pallets

Proving when, rather than proving how much

Because the qualifier is about age, the evidence worth gathering is about timing. Photographs with a visible date, taken as the pallet comes apart rather than after it has been sorted, are worth more than a careful defect count made three days later. A count establishes scale. The photographs establish sequence, and sequence is what the wording turns on.

There is a second reason to inspect before touching anything. Your own transfers make fresh marks too, and a load that arrived with healed scars can acquire open ones on your line inside an hour. Inspecting first keeps the two populations apart, which protects a legitimate claim as much as it protects your supplier.

How to buy

Talk to the grower

Tell us the variety, the sizes and the delivery week you need. You get a delivered price and what we can commit to in writing, from the person who picks the fruit.

The grower handles enquiries. Response times are still to be confirmed.

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